Ceramic decals: what are they and how are they made?

Screen-printing is an ancient method of printingthe United States in Circa 1865.  Then this process
invented in China during the Song Dynastypopularized in the United States, during the ceramic
(960–1279 AD).  This method of printing calleddecorating craze of the mid-1870s.  In the United
silk-screening, because the mesh used to press theStates, the word decalcomania abbreviated to the
ink through was made of silk.  Silk-screen printingversion we use today decal. 
invented in China used primarily to print on cloth, such 
as silk, cotton, and other fabrics. Simon Ravenet had inadvertently invented water-slide
 off decals except it would be many decades before
 this new printing system would be use to print decals
Then approximately 1750 Simon Francois Ravenetfor promotions and product branding.  Simon
who emigrated from France to England, beforeFrancois Ravenet transfer system is different from
Simon immigrated he had been seeking a way tothe water-slide off decals we use today.  The
decorate ceramic designs using screen-printing.  Indifference is in the types of inks Simon’s system
England, Simon perfected a process of transferringemployed were ceramic inks.
artistic images to decorate ceramic pieces.  
 Ceramic inks are employed to produce ceramic
 water-transfer decals.  The ceramic inks are
Simon Ravenet augmented screen-print as a directmanufactured by milling the ceramic particles into the
printing method and created a non-direct form ofink.  The ceramic particle during the milling process
printing using a new transfer system.  This newbecomes infused with the ink.  This ink is no longer
transfer system used a medium constructed from acommon ink it is now ceramic ink. 
paper that was water-resistant that had previously 
been printed with a water-soluble adhesive. When the ceramic transfer decal is applied to the
 ceramic piece then the ceramic piece is fired in a kiln
Simon Ravenet printed the artistic design onto thethe decal transfer becomes a part of the ceramic.
water-resistant paper on top of the water-solubleBefore this new transfer invention all pottery,
adhesive and printed a clear ink over the design. Theearthenware, ceramic, and glass were decorated by
finished decalcomania then is immersed in water, thehand painting a ceramic paint directly on the piece.
adhesive releases from the water-resistant paper The same process used to cause the ceramic
leaving a decalcomania sandwiched between theparticles infused in the paint, so when the pottery
water-soluble adhesive and the final clear coat of inkplaced in a kiln to fired the pottery the paint or ink
on the surface of the decalcomanias printedliterally became one with the pottery.
image.   Applying the decalcomania to the surface 
of the ceramic piece, he wanted to decorate; theThe question; is this style of printing used today? 
adhesive would allow it to adhere to the surface ofYes, fine china, every day dinnerware, mugs, drinking
the ceramic.glasses, as well as industrial products employ ceramic
 decals.  The industrial uses such as; laboratory test
Simon Ravenet called this new transfer system atubes, toilet and lavatory fixtures are decorated this
decalcomania.   This new technology imported toway, too.